This item features an elder monk or immortal in dynamic flowing robes, holding up a small pagoda (stupa) in one hand, while a young disciple stands at his feet cradling an alms bowl , The mark is written in Japanese Tensho-tai (Seal Script), a stylized, archaic script traditionally used for artist signatures and formal seals in East Asian art:Top Characters (芳之): This reads "Hōshiyuki" or "Yoshiyuki" (芳 = Hō/Yoshi meaning fragrant/virtuous; 之 = Yuki/no meaning 'of' or a suffix for a name).Bottom Characters (齋): This reads "Sai" (齋 meaning studio, room, or workshop).Full Translation: The mark translates to "Hōshiyuki-sai" (芳之齋), indicating the work was crafted by or within the studio of the master carver Hōshiyuki. This name is highly associated with skilled carvers from the Meiji (1868–1912) and Taishō periods who specialized in creating fine Buddhist figurines, netsuke, and okimono .






